Here you can find the grammar for the Gosu programming language. The grammar below uses the following EBNF-style conventions:
For more information on this EBNF notation please refer to this wiki page.
An ANTLR v3.x based grammar can be found here.
start = header modifiers (gClass | gInterface | gEnum | gEnhancement) .
header = ["package" namespaceStatement] [usesStatementList] .
annotation = "@" idAll {"." idAll} [typeVariableDefs annotationArguments] .
gClass = "class" id typeVariableDefs ["extends" classOrInterfaceType] ["implements" classOrInterfaceType {"," classOrInterfaceType}] classBody .
gInterface = "interface" id typeVariableDefs [("extends" | "implements") classOrInterfaceType {"," classOrInterfaceType}] interfaceBody .
gEnum = "enum" id typeVariableDefs ["implements" classOrInterfaceType {"," classOrInterfaceType}] enumBody .
gEnhancement = "enhancement" id typeVariableDefs ":" classOrInterfaceType {"[" "]"} enhancementBody .
classBody = "{" classMembers "}" .
enhancementBody = "{" enhancementMembers "}" .
interfaceBody = "{" interfaceMembers "}" .
enumBody = "{" [enumConstants] classMembers "}" .
enumConstants = enumConstant {"," enumConstant} [","] [";"] .
enumConstant = {annotation} id optionalArguments .
interfaceMembers = {modifiers (functionDefn | propertyDefn | fieldDefn | gClass | gInterface | gEnum) [";"]} .
classMembers = {declaration} .
declaration = modifiers (functionDefn [functionBody] | constructorDefn functionBody | propertyDefn [functionBody] | fieldDefn | delegateDefn | gClass | gInterface | gEnum) [";"] .
enhancementMembers = {modifiers (functionDefn functionBody | propertyDefn functionBody) [";"]} .
delegateDefn = "delegate" id delegateStatement .
delegateStatement = [":" typeLiteral] "represents" typeLiteral {"," typeLiteral} ["=" expression] .
optionalType = [":" typeLiteral | blockTypeLiteral] .
fieldDefn = "var" id optionalType ["as" ["readonly"] id] ["=" expression] .
propertyDefn = "property" ("get" | "set") id parameters [":" typeLiteral] .
dotPathWord = id {"." id} .
namespaceStatement = dotPathWord {";"} .
usesStatementList = "uses" usesStatement {"uses" usesStatement} .
usesStatement = dotPathWord ["." "*"] {";"} .
typeVariableDefs = ["<" typeVariableDefinition {"," typeVariableDefinition} ">"] .
typeVariableDefinition = id ["extends" typeLiteralList] .
functionBody = statementBlock .
parameters = "(" [parameterDeclarationList] ")" .
functionDefn = "function" id typeVariableDefs parameters [":" typeLiteral] .
constructorDefn = "construct" parameters [":" typeLiteral] .
modifiers = {annotation | "private" | "internal" | "protected" | "public" | "static" | "abstract" | "override" | "final" | "transient"} .
statement = (ifStatement | tryCatchFinallyStatement | throwStatement | "continue" | "break" | returnStatement | forEachStatement | whileStatement | doWhileStatement | switchStatement | usingStatement | assertStatement | "final" localVarStatement | localVarStatement | evalExpr | assignmentOrMethodCall | statementBlock) [";"] | ";" .
ifStatement = "if" "(" expression ")" statement [";"] ["else" statement] .
tryCatchFinallyStatement = "try" statementBlock (catchClause {catchClause} ["finally" statementBlock] | "finally" statementBlock) .
catchClause = "catch" "(" ["var"] id [":" typeLiteral] ")" statementBlock .
assertStatement = "assert" expression [":" expression] .
usingStatement = "using" "(" (localVarStatement {"," localVarStatement} | expression) ")" statementBlock ["finally" statementBlock] .
returnStatement = "return" [expression] .
whileStatement = "while" "(" expression ")" statement .
doWhileStatement = "do" statement "while" "(" expression ")" .
switchStatement = "switch" "(" expression ")" "{" {switchBlockStatementGroup} "}" .
switchBlockStatementGroup = ("case" expression ":" | "default" ":") {statement} .
throwStatement = "throw" expression .
localVarStatement = "var" id optionalType ["=" expression] .
forEachStatement = ("foreach" | "for") "(" (expression [indexVar] | ["var"] id "in" expression [indexRest]) ")" statement .
indexRest = indexVar iteratorVar | iteratorVar indexVar | indexVar | iteratorVar .
indexVar = "index" id .
iteratorVar = "iterator" id .
thisSuperExpr = "this" | "super" .
assignmentOrMethodCall = ((newExpr | thisSuperExpr | typeLiteralExpr | parenthExpr | StringLiteral) indirectMemberAccess) [incrementOp | assignmentOp expression] .
statementBlock = statementBlockBody .
statementBlockBody = "{" {statement} "}" .
blockTypeLiteral = blockLiteral .
blockLiteral = "(" [blockLiteralArg {"," blockLiteralArg}] ")" [":" typeLiteral] .
blockLiteralArg = id ("=" expression | blockTypeLiteral) | [id ":"] typeLiteral ["=" expression] .
typeLiteral = type {"&" type} .
typeLiteralType = typeLiteral .
typeLiteralExpr = typeLiteral .
typeLiteralList = typeLiteral .
type = classOrInterfaceType {"[" "]"} | "block" blockLiteral .
classOrInterfaceType = idclassOrInterfaceType typeArguments {"." id typeArguments} .
typeArguments = ["<" typeArgument {"," typeArgument} ">"] .
typeArgument = typeLiteralType | "?" [("extends" | "super") typeLiteralType] .
expression = conditionalExpr .
conditionalExpr = conditionalOrExpr ["?" conditionalExpr ":" conditionalExpr | "?:" conditionalExpr] .
conditionalOrExpr = conditionalAndExpr {orOp conditionalAndExpr} .
conditionalAndExpr = bitwiseOrExpr {andOp bitwiseOrExpr} .
bitwiseOrExpr = bitwiseXorExpr {"|" bitwiseXorExpr} .
bitwiseXorExpr = bitwiseAndExpr {"^" bitwiseAndExpr} .
bitwiseAndExpr = equalityExpr {"&" equalityExpr} .
equalityExpr = relationalExpr {equalityOp relationalExpr} .
relationalExpr = intervalExpr {relOp intervalExpr | "typeis" typeLiteralType} .
intervalExpr = bitshiftExpr [intervalOp bitshiftExpr] .
bitshiftExpr = additiveExpr {bitshiftOp additiveExpr} .
additiveExpr = multiplicativeExpr {additiveOp multiplicativeExpr} .
multiplicativeExpr = typeAsExpr {multiplicativeOp typeAsExpr} .
typeAsExpr = unaryExpr {typeAsOp typeLiteral} .
unaryExpr = ("+" | "-") unaryExprNotPlusMinus | unaryExprNotPlusMinus .
unaryExprNotPlusMinus = unaryOp unaryExpr | "\" blockExpr | evalExpr | primaryExpr .
blockExpr = [parameterDeclarationList] "->" (expression | statementBlock) .
parameterDeclarationList = parameterDeclaration {"," parameterDeclaration} .
parameterDeclaration = {annotation} ["final"] id [(":" typeLiteral ["=" expression]) | blockTypeLiteral | "=" expression] .
annotationArguments = arguments .
arguments = "(" [argExpression {"," argExpression}] ")" .
optionalArguments = [arguments] .
argExpression = namedArgumentExpression | expression .
namedArgumentExpression = ":" id "=" expression .
evalExpr = "eval" "(" expression ")" .
featureLiteral = "#" (id | "construct") typeArguments optionalArguments .
standAloneDataStructureInitialization = "{" [initializerExpression] "}" .
primaryExpr = (newExpr | thisSuperExpr | literal | typeLiteralExpr | parenthExpr | standAloneDataStructureInitialization) indirectMemberAccess .
parenthExpr = "(" expression ")" .
newExpr = "new" [classOrInterfaceType] ((arguments ["{" (initializer | anonymousInnerClass) "}"]) | ("[" ("]" {"[" "]"} arrayInitializer | expression "]" {"[" expression "]"} {"[" "]"}))) .
anonymousInnerClass = classMembers .
arrayInitializer = "{" [expression {"," expression}] "}" .
initializer = [initializerExpression | objectInitializer] .
initializerExpression = mapInitializerList | arrayValueList .
arrayValueList = expression {"," expression} .
mapInitializerList = expression "->" expression {"," expression "->" expression} .
objectInitializer = initializerAssignment {"," initializerAssignment} .
initializerAssignment = ":" id "=" expression .
indirectMemberAccess = {("." | "?." | "*.") idAll typeArguments | featureLiteral | ("[" | "?[") expression "]" | arguments} .
literal = NumberLiteral | featureLiteral | StringLiteral | CharLiteral | "true" | "false" | "null" .
orOp = "||" | "or" .
andOp = "&&" | "and" .
assignmentOp = "=" | "+=" | "-=" | "*=" | "/=" | "&=" | "|=" | "^=" | "%=" | "<" "<" "=" | ">" ">" ">" "=" | ">" ">" "=" .
incrementOp = "++" | "--" .
equalityOp = "===" | "!==" | "==" | "!=" | "<>" .
intervalOp = ".." | "|.." | "..|" | "|..|" .
relOp = "<" "=" | ">" "=" | "<" | ">" .
bitshiftOp = "<" "<" | ">" ">" ">" | ">" ">" .
additiveOp = "+" | "-" | "?+" | "?-" .
multiplicativeOp = "*" | "/" | "%" | "?*" | "?/" | "?%" .
typeAsOp = "typeas" | "as" .
unaryOp = "~" | "!" | "not" | "typeof" | "statictypeof" .
id = Ident .
idclassOrInterfaceType = Ident .
idAll = Ident .
Ident = Letter {Digit | Letter} .
NumberLiteral = "NaN" | "Infinity" | HexLiteral | BinLiteral | IntOrFloatPointLiteral .
BinLiteral = ("0b" | "0B") "0" | "1" {"0" | "1"} [IntegerTypeSuffix] .
HexLiteral = ("0x" | "0X") HexDigit {HexDigit} ["s" | "S" | "l" | "L"] .
IntOrFloatPointLiteral = "." Digit {Digit} [FloatTypeSuffix] | Digit {Digit} ("." {Digit} [Exponent] [FloatTypeSuffix] | Exponent [FloatTypeSuffix] | FloatTypeSuffix | IntegerTypeSuffix |) .
CharLiteral = "'" (EscapeSequence | any_character) "'" .
StringLiteral = "'" {EscapeSequence | any_character} "'" | """ {EscapeSequence | any_character} """ .
HexDigit = Digit | "a".."f" | "A".."F" .
IntegerTypeSuffix = ("l" | "L" | "s" | "S" | "bi" | "BI" | "b" | "B") .
Letter = "A".."Z" | "a".."z" | "_" | "$" .
Digit = "0" | "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" | "8" | "9" .
NonZeroDigit = "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" | "8" | "9" .
ZeroToSeven = "0" | "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" .
Exponent = ("e" | "E") ["+" | "-"] Digit {Digit} .
FloatTypeSuffix = ("f" | "F" | "d" | "D" | "bd" | "BD") .
EscapeSequence = "\" ("v" | "a" | "b" | "t" | "n" | "f" | "r" | """ | "'" | "\" | "$" | "<") | UnicodeEscape | OctalEscape .
OctalEscape = "\" ("0" | "1" | "2" | "3") ZeroToSeven ZeroToSeven | "\" ZeroToSeven ZeroToSeven | "\" ZeroToSeven .
UnicodeEscape = "\" "u" HexDigit HexDigit HexDigit HexDigit .
WS = white_space .
COMMENT = "/*" {any_character} "*/" .
LINE_COMMENT = "//" {any_character} .